To improve your sleep quality, you should focus on establishing consistent bedtime routines and modifying environmental and lifestyle factors. The quality of your sleep, which includes experiencing all four stages of sleep, is as important as the quantity.
Here's what you can do to create better sleep habits:
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Reduce exposure to sleep-inhibiting stimuli within 30 to 60 minutes of bedtime:
- Light: Avoid screen time (phones, tablets, TV, computers) within an hour of bedtime. Dim lights before bed and keep your phone out of the bedroom. Conversely, natural light exposure during the day (e.g., a 10-15 minute walk) helps regulate melatonin release.
- Heat: Lower your bedroom temperature. Your body needs to cool down to prepare for sleep.
- Caffeine, Sugar, and Alcohol: Limit these substances, especially within a couple of hours of bedtime. Avoid eating right before bed.
- Anxiety and Rumination: Introduce a calming ritual, such as listening to peaceful music, reading a book, gentle yoga, meditation, or rhythmic breathing practice.
- Exercise: Finish your workouts earlier in the day or in the early evening. Exercising within one to two hours of sleep can boost cortisol production, delaying melatonin release.
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Consider your sleep posture: Your sleep position can influence sleep quality, especially if you have musculoskeletal issues. For example, placing a pillow between your knees can help those with low back pain who sleep on their sides.
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Medications: Speak with a doctor about sleep medications. While melatonin supplements are generally safe for short-term use, anti-anxiety medications should be avoided as they interfere with proper sleep cycles. Some psychiatric medications may help reset or sustain sleep, but always consult a physician. Also, discuss any other medications you take, as they might interfere with your sleep.
If you continue to have trouble sleeping, a Lifestyle Medicine specialist can assess your routines and overall health, and may refer you to a sleep specialist for further testing.